{
  "name": "Bench card: How long is DNA",
  "desc": "Bench card for the estimate: question, answer range, method, number of inputs, weakest input and key source.",
  "lic": "CC BY 4.0",
  "lic_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "by": "Ants, Cells & Atoms",
  "url": "https://antscellsandatoms.com/scale/dna-length/",
  "from": [
    "media/dna-length-inputs.csv",
    "media/dna-length-whole-body.csv"
  ],
  "how": "Compiled by Ants, Cells & Atoms from the data listed",
  "data_by": [
    "Nurk S et al. 2022, Science 376(6588):44–53, CC BY 4.0, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abj6987 (3,054,815,472 base pairs in the T2T-CHM13 set; 16,569 bp mitochondrial genome; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "RCSB PDB 1BNA, CC0, coordinates from Drew HR, Wing RM, Takano T, Broka C, Tanaka S, Itakura K, Dickerson RE 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 78(4):2179–2183, https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb1bna/pdb (retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "Wyngaard GA et al. 2022, Scientific Reports 12:6616, CC BY 4.0, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10585-2 (7.0 pg per nucleus assigned to male human white blood cells; 1 pg = 0.978 Gb, citing Doležel J et al. 2003; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R 2016, PLoS Biology 14(8):e1002533, CC BY 4.0, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533 (3.0e13 human cells, 84% red blood cells, about 0.3e13 nucleated; shared human-cell-counts.csv; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "BIPM, The International System of Units (SI Brochure), 9th edition, Table 8, CC BY 4.0, https://doi.org/10.59161/AUEZ1291 (1 au = 149,597,870,700 m; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "ranges computed 2026-10-25 for this page"
  ]
}