{
  "name": "Atomic radii of elements 1–96 by three definitions",
  "desc": "One row per tabulated radius: covalent, empirical and van der Waals radii of elements 1–96 as PubChem lists them, with the diameter, the definition, how each value was obtained and its source. Of the 96 van der Waals radii, 26 match Bondi's 1964 values and 16 are those Mantina and colleagues computed in 2009; the origin of the other 54 is not stated.",
  "lic": "CC BY 4.0",
  "lic_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "by": "Ants, Cells & Atoms",
  "url": "https://antscellsandatoms.com/scale/atom-size/",
  "from": [
    "PubChem element records 1–96, Atomic Radius section (saved responses, 2026-10-25)",
    "Wikipedia, Van der Waals radius, comparison table, Bondi column (saved page, 2026-10-25; used only to attribute values, no number taken from it)"
  ],
  "how": "Compiled by Ants, Cells & Atoms from the data listed",
  "data_by": [
    "PubChem element records 1–96, Atomic Radius section, PubChem 2025 update, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae1059 (covalent radii from Cordero B et al. 2008, Dalton Transactions, https://doi.org/10.1039/b801115j; empirical radii from Slater JC 1964, The Journal of Chemical Physics, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1725697; van der Waals radii from the Los Alamos National Laboratory periodic table; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "van der Waals radii of 16 elements equal the values Mantina M et al. 2009 computed, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 113(19):5806–5812, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp8111556 (abstract; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "van der Waals radii of 26 elements equal the values of Bondi A 1964, The Journal of Physical Chemistry 68(3):441–451, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100785a001 (bibliographic record; values as tabulated for Bondi in Wikipedia, Van der Waals radius, read 2026-10-25); the origin of the other 54 is not stated in the records",
    "diameters computed 2026-10-25 for this page"
  ]
}