{
  "name": "Phage T4 to scale: head, tail sheath, baseplate and comparisons",
  "desc": "Sizes of phage T4's head, tail sheath before and after contraction, baseplate, tail tube and fibres, with phi29 and phipp2 for comparison, and the head set against the light-microscope limit and small bacteria.",
  "lic": "CC BY 4.0",
  "lic_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "by": "Ants, Cells & Atoms",
  "url": "https://antscellsandatoms.com/microscopic-life/bacteriophage/",
  "from": [
    "Rao and Black 2010, Leiman et al. 2010 and Lin and Lin 2012 full texts (saved copies, 2026-10-25)",
    "Yap and Rossmann 2014 and Smith et al. 2001 abstracts (saved records, 2026-10-25)",
    "media/reference-objects.csv (shared file; light-microscope rows)",
    "media/cell-sizes.csv (shared file; Escherichia coli, SAR11 and groundwater bacteria rows)"
  ],
  "how": "Compiled by Ants, Cells & Atoms from the data listed",
  "data_by": [
    "Rao VB, Black LW 2010, Virology Journal 7:356, CC BY 2.0, https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-7-356 (T4 head 120 nm long, 86 nm wide; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "Leiman PG, Arisaka F, van Raaij MJ, Kostyuchenko VA, Aksyuk AA, Kanamaru S, Rossmann MG 2010, Virology Journal 7:355, CC BY 2.0, https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-7-355 (sheath, tube, baseplate and fibre sizes in Å, converted to nm; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "Yap ML, Rossmann MG 2014, Future Microbiology 9(12):1319–1327, https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.14.91 (abstract: 925 Å tail; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "Smith DE et al. 2001, Nature 413:748–752, https://doi.org/10.1038/35099581 (abstract: phi29 capsid 42 x 54 nm; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "Lin YR, Lin CS 2012, BMC Genomics 13:224, CC BY 2.0, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-224 (phipp2 head and tail sizes; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "Valli J et al. 2021, Journal of Biological Chemistry 297(1):100791, CC BY 4.0, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100791 (light-microscope limit 170–250 nm, via the shared reference-objects.csv; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "Volkmer B, Heinemann M 2011, PLoS ONE 6(7):e23126, CC BY 4.0, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023126; Young KD in Marshall WF et al. 2012, BMC Biology 10:101, CC BY 2.0, https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-10-101; Luef B et al. 2015, Nature Communications 6:6372, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7372 (abstract) (bacterial sizes, via the shared cell-sizes.csv; retrieved 2026-10-25)",
    "unit conversions and comparison ratios computed 2026-10-25 for this page"
  ]
}